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\usepackage{hrms}  %% Page settings, style ... for the HRMS abstract book.
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\title{THE BENDING OF C$_3$: EXPERIMENTALLY PROBING THE $l$-TYPE DOUBLING AND RESONANCE}

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\author{\underline{\FirstName M.-A. \LastName MARTIN-DRUMEL},
  \FirstName O. \LastName PIRALI, \FirstName M. \LastName VERVLOET}
\address{Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Mol\'eculaires d'Orsay, France}

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\author{\FirstName D. W. \LastName TOKARYK}
\address{Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada}

\author{\FirstName K. D. \LastName DONEY, \FirstName H. \LastName LINNARTZ}
\address{Leiden Observatory, Laboratory for Astrophysics, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands}

\author{\FirstName Q. \LastName ZHANG,\FirstName Y. \LastName CHEN,\FirstName D. \LastName ZHAO}
\address{Leiden Observatory, Laboratory for Astrophysics, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands}

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\fancyhead[C]{{\footnotesize \textit{HRMS, 28th Colloquium, Dijon, France,
  Aug. 28 - Sept. 1, 2023}}}
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\usepackage[colorlinks=true,urlcolor=blue,linkcolor=blue,citecolor=blue]{hyperref}
\voffset -.65 cm

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\category {8,3}
\begin{document}

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%% Place the body of your abstract below.
C$_3$, a pure carbon chain molecule that has been identified in different astronomical environments, is considered a good probe of kinetic temperatures through observation of transitions involving its low-lying bending mode ($\nu_2$) in its ground electronic state. With the aim to investigate this bending mode with multiple quanta of excitation, we have undertaken high resolution optical and mid-infrared investigations on the species produced in discharge experiments.

We report here the most complete analysis of the $\Tilde{\mathrm{X}}$ and $\Tilde{\mathrm{A}}$ states of C$_3$ (literature and present study) using a single PGOPHER file. 
New experimental measurements result in 36 rovibronic $\Tilde{\mathrm{A}}\ ^1\Pi_u -\Tilde{\mathrm{X}}\ ^1\Sigma^+_g$ bands (originating from $\Tilde{\mathrm{X}}(0v_2 0)$, $v_2 = 0 - 5$, levels) recorded by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy at the University of Science and Technology of China and the rovibrational $\nu_3$ band (revealing hot bands involving up to 5 quanta of excitation in $v_2$) recorded by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy using a globar source on the AILES beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility.

The combined fit allows for the accurate determination of the rotational parameters and absolute energy levels of C$_3$, in particular for states involving the bending mode. The spectroscopic information derived from this work enables new interstellar searches for C$_3$, not only in the infrared and optical regions investigated here but also notably in the $\nu_2$ band region (around 63 cm$^{-1}$) where vibrational satellites can now be accurately predicted. This makes C$_3$ a universal diagnostic tool to study very different astronomical environments, from dark and dense to translucent clouds.

\end{document}
